Board of Occupational Therapy Practice History
I.
History of Occupational Therapy
A. Age of Enlightenment: late 1700's and early
1800's
B. Moral Treatment Movement
- Phillippe Pinel, a French physician, introduced "work
treatment" for the "insane" in the late 1700's. He
used occupation to divert the patients' minds away from their emotional
distrubances and toward improving their skills.
- William Tuke, an English Quaker and wealthy merchant, became aware of
the terrible conditions in an asylum in York, England. He suggested
establishing the York Retreat. The environment at the York retreat
was like that of a family where the patients were approached with kindness
and consideration. These methods were preferable to using restraint
and drugs.
- In the United States, a Quaker named Benjamin Rush was the first
physician to institute Moral Treatment practices. (Coincidentally,
the Maryland Board of Occupational Therapy is located in the Benjamin Rush
Building on the campus of Spring Grove Hospital Center.)
- Susan Tracy and other professionals formed the backbone of modern
occupational therapy and eventally leading to the present day American
Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA).
II. Inception and Mission of the Board
A. Inception:
The Board of Occupational Therapy Practice was established in Maryland in 1979.
B. Program Description:
The State Board of Occupational Therapy Practice (the "Board")
operates under the provisions of Title 10 of the Health Occupations Article
of the Annotated Code of Maryland. The Board is the licensing authority of
Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapist Assistants in the State
of Maryland. The Board is mandated to regulate the practice of Occupational
Therapy in Maryland by licensing qualified occupational therapists and
occupational therapist assistants, establishing fees, maintaining a current
roster of all licensees, promulgating regulations for the practice of
Occupational Therapy, verification of credentials, issuance of licenses,
establish requirements for and verification of completion of continuing
education, investigation of complaints based on alleged violations of
regulations and statutes, formal and informal disciplining of licensees,
create committees as deemed appropriate to advise the Board. The program is
100% special funded. The fund is supported exclusively by revenues generated
by licensing fees. The Board consists of 7 members appointed by the Governor
with the advice of the Secretary and advice of the Senate. Four members of
the Board are licensed occupational therapists, one member is a licensed
occupational therapist assistant, and two members represent the public.
C.
Mission:
The Mission of the Board of Occupational Therapy is to protect the
citizens of Maryland and to promote quality health care in the field of
Occupational Therapy by:
- Licensing occupational therapists and occupational therapist
assistants;
- Setting standards for the practice of Occupational Therapy through
regulations and legislation; and
- Receiving and resolving complaints from the public regarding
occupational therapists and occupational therapist assistants who may
have violated the Occupational Therapy law (Annotated Code of Maryland,
Health Occupations Article, Title 10) and its regulations found at COMAR
10.46.
III. Get to Know Your Board Members
- Claudia McInerney, MOT, OTR/L, Board Chairperson
I am an Occupational Therapist, and I have been a member of the Board
since July 1, 2000. For the Montgomery County (MD) Public Schools, I provide
school-based therapy to children with a variety of disabilities. My
responsibilities include (a) developing individualized treatments based on
scientifically based practices, (b) collaborating with both special and
general educators to implement these treatments in the classroom, and (c)
working with my students’ parents to support on-going school programs at
home. I am most proud of serving as a consult for Academia Brasileira de
Ciencias. We are developing a staff-training program to increase
opportunities for Brazilians with disabilities to live and work
independently within their community. I have a Masters’ degree in O.T.
from Western Michigan University and a Bachelors’ degree in elementary
education from Wichita State University.
- Cindy McKoin, MOT, OTR/L, BCN, Board Vice Chairperson
I am an occupational therapist and have been a Board member since 2002. I
work in Home Health Care at Washington County Hospital. I have worked in
acute care, skilled nursing facilities, acute rehabilitation and outpatient.
I am trained in Adult Neurodevelopmental Technique and have AOTA Board
Certification in Neurorehabilitiation. I graduated with my MOT from Texas
Woman’s University in 1987.
- Joyce Carla Farrington, M.Ed., OTR/L
I am an Occupational Therapist, and I have been a member of the Board
since 1999. I work as a consult to Inclusion Programs for 3-, 4- and 5-year
old children with and without disabilities in the Baltimore City Public
School System. I am most proud of developing a grant funded program
"Busy Hands Kit" used in the inclusion program. My education
background includes a B.S. in Occupational Therapy
from Howard University and M.Ed. in Administration and Supervision from
Loyola College.
- Joyce Ford, COTA/L, AP
I am an Occupational Therapy Assistant, and I have been a Board member
since November, 2006. I work as a staff COTA at Good Samaritan Hospital on
the Transitional Care Unit providing traditional occupational therapy and
alternative therapy groups for pain and stress management based on
relaxation techniques (biofeedback, aromatherapy and breathing techniques).
I am most proud of owning a private practice called "Body Repairs, LLC"
in which we provide consultation, outpatient and home care services for
occupational therapy services. I graduated from CCBC – Catonsville with an
A.A. degree in 1992. I earned an AP (Advance Practitioner) certification in
2000 in physical disabilities.
- Linda Leimbach, MS, OTR/L
I am an occupational therapist and have been a member of the Board since
November 2003. In my work as an occupational therapy educator at
Elizabethtown College, I teach undergraduate and graduate occupational
therapy students, develop courses in occupational therapy and women’s
studies, and collaborate in a variety of research initiatives within the
occupational therapy department. I am most proud that I am nearing the
completion of my doctoral degree in occupational science at Towson
University. I graduated with my BS in Occupational Therapy and Psychology in
1983, and with my Advanced MS in Pediatric
Occupational Therapy in 1993, both from Towson University.
- Thaddeus Meade Felton, Consumer Member
I am Meade Felton, and I have been a consumer member of the Board since
2000. I retired after 30 years in education and 12 years in environmental
consulting. I am most proud of my 50 years of marriage and 5 socially
responsible children. My educational background includes a B.A. in education
and M.A. in educational administration both from the University of Maryland.
- Donna Ashman, Executive Director
I am Donna Ashman, Executive Director for the Maryland Board of
Occupational Therapy Practice. I have been with the Board since 1993. In my
work for the Board, I am responsible for coordinating monthly Board
meetings, legislative proposals, regulation
preparation, processing and adjudication of complaints, reports as required
by the Department of Health and legislature, as well as oversight of the
Board office operations. Today, I am most proud to have opportunities to
participate in service with others at work, at home, and in my community. My
educational background includes a Bachelor of Arts degree from Towson
University and a Master of Administrative Science Degree from The Johns
Hopkins University.
IV. Past/Present Board Members
- Past/Present Board members
1/11/1979 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Carole Hays, OTR
Bonnie Moy, OTR, Secretary
Charlotte Seltser, COTA
Lillian Byrd, OTR
2/5/1979 Lillian Byrd resigned.
7/2/1979 Penny Kyler added.
10/21/1981 Ms. Seltser resigned from the Board.
5/21/1982 Nancy Rehmeyer added to the Board.
4/15/1983 Linda Walker added as Administrator.
7/20/1984 Elizabeth Hoffman replaces Carole Hays.
10/19/1984 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Elizabeth Hoffman
Penny Kyler-Hutchison
Bonnie Moy
Nancy Rehmeyer
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
9/1985 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Diane Gray
Elizabeth Hoffman, Secretary
Deborah Lieberman
Nancy Rehmeyer
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
7/18/1986 Elizabeth Hoffman, President
Diane Gray
Deborah Leiberman
Nancy Rehmeyer, Secretary
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
9/16/1986 Elizabeth Hoffman, President
Nancy Gerace
Diane Gray
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith, Sr., Consumer Member
Linda Dorsey Walker, Administrator
10/14/1988 Elizabeth Hoffman
Diane Hunter
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith
Linda Dorsey Walker, Administrator
1/20/1989 Cheryl Hastings, Acting Administrator
10/20/1989 Elizabeth Hoffman
Diane Hunter
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith, Sr.
Alice Arthur
Suzanne Browne, Administrator 1/1990 Elected Diane Hunter as President
and Deborah Lieberman as Secretary
8/17/1990 Jo Hubbs replaces Elizabeth Hoffman.
10/18/1991 Jo A. Hubbs, President
Frances Silverstein
Harry Smith
Alice Arthur, Sr., Consumer Member
Carole Bainer
Suzanne Browne, Administrator
7/17/1992 Jo A. Hubbs, President
Carol Bainer
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Frances Silvestein, Secretary
Suzanne Browne, Administrator
9/1992 Betty Cox appointed as COTA member.
1/22/1993 Donna Ashman welcomed as Administrator
6/18/1993 Elected Carol Bainer as Board President
and Legislative
Liaison
and Betty Cox for Board Secretary.
10/15/1993 Carol Bainer, President
Betty Cox, Secretary
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Frances Silverstein
Elena Skittle
Donna Ashman, Administrator
5/20/1994 Carol Bainer, President
Kristen Brown
Betty Cox, Secretary
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Frances Silverstein
Elena Skittle
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Donna Ashman, Administrator
6/16/1995 Elena Skittle-Watson, Board Co-Chairperson
Betty Cox, Board Co-Chairperson
Carol Bainer
Kristen Brown, Board Secretary
Frances Silverstein
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Donna Ashman, Administrator
8/18/1995 Judith Blum replaces Carol Bainer on the Board
11/17/1995 Barbara McLaughlin added as a Consumer Member
7/18/1997 Kristen Brown elected as Board Co-Chairperson
and Judith Blum as
Board Secretary.
Deborah Craig replaces Betty Cox.
8/21/1998 Kristen Brown and Judith Blum were elected as Board
Co-Chairpersons and Frances Silverstein as Board Secretary.
2/18/2000 Joyce Carla Farrington replaces Frances Silverstein on the Board.
5/19/2000 Joyce Carla Farrington and Judith Blum elected as
Board Co-Chairpersons.
Board secretary position considered as obsolete.
Thaddeus Meade
Felton added as Consumer Member.
10/20/2000 Judith Blum, Co-Chairperson
Joyce Carla Farrington, Co-Chairperson
Elena Skittle-Watson
Claudia McInerney
Debbie Craig
Thaddeus Meade Felton
Alfred Tyler
Donna Ashman, Administrator
9/03/2002 Cindy McKoin joined the Board, replacing Elena Skittle-Watson.
7/01/2003 Joyce Carla Farrington elected as Chairperson.
Claudia
McInerney elected as Vice Chairperson.
7/01/2003 Linda Leimbach joined the Board, replacing Judith Blum.
Nathaniel
Johnson, Consumer Member, replaced Alfred Tyler.
5/19/2005 Claudia McInerney elected as Chairperson.
Cindy McKoin elected
as Vice Chairperson.
9/05/2005 Joyce Ford joined the Board, replacing Debbie Craig.
2006 Pastor Nathaniel Johnson resigned as
the Consumer Member.
12/2006 Christine Moghimi joined the
Board, replacing Cindy McKoin.
10/2007 Kamela Stevenson joined the
Board, replacing Joyce Carla
Farrington.
Kuzhilethu K. Kshepakaran joined the Board, replacing Linda
Leimbach.
2007 Claudia McInerney, Board Chairperson
Cindy McKoin, Vice Chairperson
Joyce Carla Farrington
Joyce Ford
Linda Leimbach
Christine Moghimi
Thaddeus Meade Felton, Consumer Member
V. Administrative History of Statute and Regulations.
1. Chapter 01 General Regulations
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Regulation .01 amended effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .02 amended effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .03 repealed effective July 20, 1992 (19:14 Md. R. 1284)
- Regulation .03 adopted effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .04 adopted effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
-
Regulations .01 — .04 repealed and new Regulation .01 — .06 adopted as
an emergency provision effective October 1, 2000 (27:21 Md. R. 1973);
emergency status extended at 28:7 Md. R. 687 and 28:9 Md. R. 884; adopted
permanently effective April 30, 2001 (28:8 Md. R. 761)
- Regulation .01B amended effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R. 2129)
- Regulation .03 amended effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R.
2129)
- Regulation .07 adopted effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R.
2129)
2. Chapter 02 Code of Ethics
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Chapter repealed and new Regulations .01 — .03 adopted effective August
7, 2000 (27:15 Md. R. 1401)
3. Chapter 03 Procedure for Board Hearings
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Regulation .04 amended effective October 1, 2000 (27:17 Md. R. 1620
- Regulation .05 amended effective October 1, 2000 (27:17 Md. R. 1620)
- Regulation .05C amended effective January 30, 1995 (22:2 Md. R. 77)
-
4. Chapter 04 Continuing Competency Requirement
Effective date: July 29, 1985 (12:15 Md. R. 1520)
- Regulation .02A amended effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulation .03 amended effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulations .04 — .07 repealed and new Regulations .04 — .07
adopted effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulations .01 — .07 repealed and new Regulations .01 — .08
adopted effective October 2, 2000 (27:19 Md. R. 1726)
5. Chapter 05 Collection of Fees
Effective date: July 20, 1992 (19:14 Md. R. 1284)
- Regulation .01 amended as an emergency provision effective October
1, 1993 (20:20 Md. R. 1566); amended permanently effective April 2,
1994 (20:22 Md. R. 1708)
- Regulation .01 amended effective November 3, 1997 (24:22 Md. R.
1552); August 21, 2000 (27:16 Md. R. 1526)
- Regulation .01 amended as an emergency provision effective August
31, 2001 (28:19 Md. R. 1681); amended permanently effective December
10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R. 2129)
- Regulation .02 adopted as an emergency provision effective August
31, 2001 (28:19 Md. R. 1681); adopted permanently effective December
10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R. 2129)
6. Chapter 06 Competency Requirements for Physical Agent Modalities
Effective date:
- Regulations .01 — .06 adopted as an emergency provision effective June
1, 2001 (28:12 Md. R. 1102); adopted permanently effective September 17,
2001 (28:18 Md. R. 1621)
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